LONGER Research: Introduction to Galvo Technology in LONGER Laser Systems

Galvo technology is widely used in the field of laser processing and engraving, precisely manipulating laser beams by controlling the deflection of mirrors. The core components of a galvo system include drivers and mirrors, with the drivers typically utilizing piezoelectric ceramics, electromagnets, or ultrasonic methods to generate vibrations, while the mirrors reflect the incoming laser beam.

The working principle of galvo can be divided into static and dynamic types. Static galvos maintain a fixed position during operation, relying on the laws of light reflection, while dynamic galvos change position during operation, altering the beam direction through vibration. This technology enables high-speed, high-precision laser marking, cutting, drilling, and engraving.

Galvo systems function through a specialized motor that exhibits oscillating capabilities. The basic principle involves generating torque in a magnetic field via a wire coil. Unlike a rotating motor, its rotor incorporates a mechanical spring or electronic method to provide a resetting torque, proportional to the angle of deviation from its balanced position. When a current is passed through the coil and the rotor deviates to a certain angle, the electromagnetic torque equals the restoring torque, allowing for deflection rather than rotation. Consequently, galvos are often referred to as current scanning galvos, or simply scanning galvos. The principle is straightforward: by inputting a position signal, the galvo motor swings at a specific voltage and angle conversion ratio. The entire process employs closed-loop feedback control, involving position sensors, error amplifiers, power amplifiers, position discriminators, and current integrators.

In LONGER's Nano series laser engraving machines, particularly the LONGER Nano Pro 12W, the structure of the galvo scanning marking head is composed of XY scanning mirrors, field lenses, galvos, and computer-controlled marking software. The Nano Pro 12W is designed for enhanced precision and versatility, making it an ideal choice for both hobbyists and professionals. With its powerful 12W laser, the Nano Pro can handle a variety of materials, allowing users to create intricate designs and high-quality engravings. The laser beam strikes the mirrors, and by controlling the reflection angles via computer, the beam can be deflected to leave permanent marks on the material surface. This capability is particularly beneficial for applications requiring fine detail and speed, such as custom engravings or artistic creations.